Mechanism of Action:

• Adenosine receptor antagonist
• Stimulates central nervous system
• Enhances release of neurotransmitters (dopamine, norepinephrine)

Benefits:

• Increases alertness, reduces fatigue, enhances concentration
• Improves reaction time and vigilance
• May enhance physical performance

ADHD Benefits:

• May help with focus and attention
• Some individuals with ADHD self-medicate with caffeine

Evidence Quality: Strong - extensive research on cognitive effects

Side Effects:

• Insomnia
• Nervousness
• Restlessness
• Stomach irritation
• Increased heart rate
• Potential for dependence

Research Evidence:

Extensive research on cognitive effects. Some individuals with ADHD report benefits, while others may experience increased anxiety.