Mechanism of Action:

• Improves cerebral blood flow
• Has antioxidant properties
• May inhibit platelet-activating factor
• Potentially neuroprotective
• Could enhance glucose utilization in the brain

Benefits:

• May improve memory and cognitive function
• Potentially beneficial for age-related cognitive decline
• Could help with tinnitus and vertigo
• May improve attention and concentration

ADHD Benefits:

• May improve attention and focus
• Could enhance memory and cognitive function

Evidence Quality: Moderate - mixed results in studies

Side Effects:

• Generally well-tolerated
• May include headache, gastrointestinal disturbances, and dizziness
• Can interact with blood-thinning medications

Research Evidence:

Mixed results in ADHD studies. Some evidence for cognitive enhancement.